LIB,MR BEARS said:
Both restorative justice and retributive justice, by definition, assumes guilt. Is that what social justice also does, assumes guilt?
Societal justice (social justice, if you prefer) does not assume guilt in the way that I understand it. As I said, my understanding stems from the Bible, where this concept originated. Others today may have a different understanding.
Rather than assuming guilt, the Biblical concept of societal justice -- as proclaimed by prophets like Isaiah, Amos, Micah and Jeremiah -- is about calling the whole society, collectively and individually, to account for upholding God's vision of a just society; that is, a society in which all people are treated with the human dignity and concern that reflects their status as children made in the image of God. This includes personal behavior but goes beyond that. The prophets say that everyone shares some responsibility for upholding God's vision of justice because the society as a whole suffers when injustice is common. People live in community, not in isolation; therefore, justice is a community responsibility as well as an individual one.
Some of the "justice issues" that the prophets were concerned about --- and called on the community to address:
making sure that widows and orphans (who almost always were poor) were cared for. (The apostles are living into this command when they organize an effort within their community, led by Stephen, to care for poor widows.)
using honest weights and measures so as not to defraud people (still an issue today)
predatory lending (as we would call it today); this is why the Torah specifically says that, if you take someone's coat as collateral for a loan, you have to give it back before nightfall so the borrower can keep warm. Amos denounces the society of the Northern Kingdom of Israel for allowing lenders "to sell the poor for a pair of sandals."
gleaning laws that required farmers to leave part of their fields unharvested so the poor could come and get some grain for themselves
special concern for the poor. Why? Because the poor so often are exploited and were not treated as members of the "beloved community" (a term that originated with a white 19th century preacher, not MLK).
People today believe they are channeling this same view of community responsibility for God's vision of justice when they advocate for a consistent pro-life ethic; when they seek to regulate payday lending practices; when they work for a safety net (both public and private) for the poor; and in many other ways. They see it as their responsibility to call the community into upholding the biblical vision of justice.
That's why I would say societal justice is about accepting responsibility, calling the community to live up to its values and ideals, not about assuming guilt.
"Free your ass and your mind will follow." -- George Clinton