So is it no longer possible to burn CDs to iTunes or any other app that lets you then play that on your phone? Yes, I know that's so 2010, but I still have some great CDs I would love to have digitally.

Seems like Apple's "Music" is a subscription-only service. I can listen on my Mac but not sure how to listen to those files on my phone or yes, ipod.

Unless something's changed recently, I've always used an old open-source program called "CDEx" to extract my CDs to MP# format. Then, I just copy those tracks to my phone's SD card storage for playing later.

A quick examination says that CDEx isn't being actively maintained any more. I'd have to research and see when the last maintained release was. Unmaintained releases can get hijacked and stuffed full of exploitable code.