BusyTarpDuster2017 said:
bubbadog said:
BusyTarpDuster2017 said:
bubbadog said:
Here's my two cents on that: Institutional racism is real.
Three quick examples:
Did you know that the GI Bill (which enabled my father to become the first in his family to attend college) originally excluded black veterans? I didn't know that until a few years ago. That shameful bit of institutional racism has since been rectified, of course, but we still feel the effects of it. For example, the network of connections my father and uncle made in college, thanks to the GI Bill, were instrumental in helping me get an interview that led to my first job. But a black kid with my same skills and experience probably would not have had that advantage when I graduated from BU in 1979, because his father wouldn't have been able to go to college on the GI Bill.
Did you know that most black people originally weren't eligible for Social Security? As the bill was working through Congress, it faced serious opposition from Southern representatives. To get the support that would ensure passage, FDR agreed to a compromise -- all domestic and agricultural workers would be excluded. That meant a majority of African Americans at the time would be excluded, and that was the intent.
Did you know that, in many parts of the country, black people were excluded from buying houses in certain neighborhoods thanks to informal agreements by banks and Realtors? And when they could get loans, they usually were on less favorable terms than white people with the same income could get.
You said institutional racism is real, then cited examples from the past that no longer exist. Saying it is real or that it exists implies that it is happening today. Yes, there are still effects from past institutional racism, but that is saying something different. Can you give an example of institutional racism that is still ongoing today?
I think there are any number of examples of how institutional racism still occurs today.
For one, the discriminatory practices by banks and Realtors are still a thing. Not by all of them, everywhere, but in enough places to matter. One of the (many) things Wells Fargo got in trouble for, if I recall correctly, involved discriminatory treatment to black loan applicants who had the same level of risk as white applicants who received more favorable terms. I think I can find some articles on that later today if you'd like.
Another example involves the differing ways people are treated by representatives of institutions based on skin color. Just about every black person I know has had the experience of being followed around by store security when they're shopping in a department or clothing store. Not that it happens every time, but it happens to all of them at least once and usually more. It happens when they're dressed in business attire, and it happens if they're dressed casually. Every single black male I've talked to about the subject has been followed by the police while they were driving, especially if they have a nice car and are driving in a "nice" neighborhood. Whenever they're in a car, they have to think about the possibility of that. My pastor is an African American man with two college-aged sons. Whenever the sons are out for the evening, and while they're away at school, mom and dad in the back of their minds worry just a little that they could be stopped for "driving while black," and then something could happen because a police officer panicked or got trigger-happy. As a white man, I never have to give any thought to that when I get in my car; I don't have the extra burden of stress that my pastor and his wife have. There are training simulations used by law enforcement that involve videos in which the officer has to make a split-second decision about whether or not to shoot; studies have shown that officers are more likely to feel threatened and shoot if the person in the simulation is black; and this isn't just a "cop thing," because the same effect happens when civilians (even those who think of themselves as non-racist) go through these exercises. In elementary schools, the police are far more likely to be summoned when a black kid is misbehaving or having a meltdown than when a white child is doing the same thing. Now, you might argue that all of these involve decisions made by individuals (store clerks, cops, teachers) and not by institutions. I see that side of it. But when these individuals represent institutions, and when the conduct is much more than a few isolated incidents, it's also hard to dismiss the argument that this is an institutional problem.
I could give more, but I'll just mention one other for now, because I think it's an example of unintended institutional racism (which is perhaps the most common kind). Our cash bail system was not set up to be discriminatory, so far as I know, but it has had a tremendously discriminatory effect. If you're a young white male, for example, you're much more likely to be able to post bail, or know someone who can post it for you, if you're arrested for some small-time offense. You can go on with your life while your case plays out. If you're black, the odds are much greater that you won't be to make bail, which means that you'll wait in jail for months (or much longer, even) for your case to be resolved. In the meantime, you lose your job; if you're a mother, you may lose custody of your kids. You lose your connection to your community. Thankfully, some cities have recognized how destructive this system has been (and part of it is about poverty as well as race; it is often hard in this country to separate the two), and are working to change it.
Before I comment on these examples, I'd first like to know what your definition of "institutional racism" is, and whether it's the same or different from "systemic" racism.
Another question: does "institutional" racism, in your mind, only involve whites against blacks, and not other minority groups, like asians? Because asians don't seem to have the problems you listed here.
Also, speaking of asians, do you think asians(and whites) being discriminated against in college admissions is a current form of institutional racism? Because I would agree! Blacks are actually favored during college admissions, simply for being black. Would you consider that "reverse" institutional racism?
Is this the post you wanted an answer for?
If so, here goes:
1. In my mind, institutional and systemic racism sound like the same thing. Someone might present a reasonable case for how to distinguish one from the other, and I'm willing to listen, but I don't really perceive a distinction.
2. I've never heard anyone suggest that systemic racism was inherently limited to one race. I certainly don't believe that it is. But systemic racism can play out in different ways. Asians are immune? I think the Japanese Americans who were sent to concentration camps during World War II would take a different view on that.
3. College admissions? I dunno, last time I checked, Asians (and whites) were admitted to elite schools in disproportionately high numbers compared to their percentage of the population of all college applicants. So I'm not sure I buy the case that they're being "discriminated" against. I just googled. Asians make up 5.6% of the US population, but they're 22% of the class of 2020 at Harvard.
Would more Asians be admitted to schools like Harvard (and isn't that really what we're talking about here, rather than, say, Texas State or LSU?) if academic achievement were the sole criterion? Apparently, yes. But that's not the only criterion, never has been, and probably never should be. Diversity is a dirty word in certain circles -- maybe because in some of those circles diversity has surpassed merit as a value -- but that doesn't mean diversity isn't a worthwhile value for schools to use in putting together a class. And they apply diversity in a lot of different ways, not just by race. For example, schools have found value in having students from a lot of different states, because it exposes their students to people from lots of different backgrounds. So if you're applying to Harvard (or Baylor), you stand a better chance of getting in if you're from Montana or Wyoming, where the number of applicants to Harvard will be small, than if you're an applicant with the same test scores but you're from a state like California or Texas, from which there will be many more to choose from. If you can play the trombone in the marching band, you'll have an edge in getting into Baylor over a kid whose only other advantage over you is better test scores.
As kind of a side point to the discussion about college admissions, that whole game is a sordid rat race. Parents waste a ton of time and money, not to mention stressing their kids to the max, because they're so obsessed with getting the kids into the "right" school. (And to digress from the digression, affluent families have a big advantage when it comes to helping get their kids into the right school. They can afford private advisers who can give them tips on crafting college essays; they can afford to give their kids SAT test prep tutoring; they can afford to give their kids experiences that beef up their resums). From my experience, there are literally hundreds of colleges and universities where you can get an excellent education that prepares you for what's next. A school like Harvard or Wellesley or whatever will give you a network of valuable contacts and a door-opening pedigree. But you won't necessarily get a better learning experience than you'd find at any number of liberal arts colleges or even some state universities. In fact, you might well get a better learning experience at a liberal arts college, because your classes are more likely to be taught by a professor rather than some graduate student (who, in many fields, is likely to be from another country and speak in heavily accented English). After I graduated from college and then became a teaching assistant while I earned a master's degree at a Tier I university, I came to realize that I had gotten a much superior undergraduate education at Baylor, where the emphasis was on good teaching above all else, than I'd have gotten for a lot, lot more money as an undergrad at the Tier I school. I also learned that graduate schools all valued a Baylor degree a lot more than I had valued it myself, because they knew how well Baylor prepared people and that was more important to them than a pedigree from a more "elite" school. So the advice I give HS kids is that it doesn't matter all that much where you go to undergrad -- pick a place that wants you and where you think you'll be a good fit.
"Free your ass and your mind will follow." -- George Clinton